The presence of paraphrases and quotations in a research paper proves that all statements comprised in it are researched, well-thought, and sustainable. In order to work to the benefit of the writer, all references, be them paraphrased or quoted, must be adjusted to specific content and style of an essay.
Where are Paraphrases and Quotations Situated in an Essay?
Both paraphrases and quotations must be skillfully incorporated into the body essay. It means, among other things, that none of them should be comprised at the very beginning or the very end of a paragraph; that is, they won’t appear in the introductory, concluding or transition sentences.
All referenced material is a part of argument development and should be placed in-between different contents of a paragraph. Paraphrases and quotations in an essay should be preceded by short introduction explaining all the reasons for employing them as well as followed by a commentary or conclusion.
How to Paraphrase and Reword Sources
Paraphrase, in order to be performed legitimately, needs general rewording. Any source information that will be referenced in an academic essay has to be presented in entirely new words. It should be as brief as possible and constitute a summary of source of information.
Paraphrase is not yet a commentary or a conclusion, but a substantial element of research that is aimed at reinforcing author’s statements. While both language and style are subject to change, the original sense has to be intact. Following the paraphrase, the author will want to explain its validity in the light of his or her own line of argumentation.
Types of Paraphrases in an Essay
Paraphrasing is used for different purposes. Some paraphrases will be designated to support already existing evidence. Others will reinforce argumentation against evidence. Still others will help to develop existing arguments and provide back-up for any conclusion drawn in the course of writing. Depending on the function, paraphrases will be introduced in accordance with their unique context.
How to Quote in an Essay
Quotations require yet another approach. They are not self-expressive because every quotation can signify a number of different things in various contexts. It is both the introduction and the commentary that follows it which decides about its context and the ultimate meaning of a given citation in an essay. Paraphrasing quotations - changing the original words or sense is not allowed.
In conclusion, it is worth noting that paraphrases and quotations should constitute no more than 10-15% of essay content. They shouldn’t replace author’s explanations or arguments but merely provide a point of departure for enacting various research processes.
Further reading:
Effective Academic Writing Exercises
Samples of Academic Paraphrases
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