Many researchers view quantitative research design as the best approach to scientific research because it offers precise measurement and analysis. In quantitative research design the researcher will count and classify, and build statistical models to then explain what is observed. Data collected using this research approach is in the form of numbers and statistics.
In the article entitled, “An Analysis of the Strengths and Limitations of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Paradigms”, author Atieno (2009), suggests, “quantitative research paradigm…is empirical in nature; it is also known as the scientific research paradigm”. This research process includes a method of deductive reasoning by use of measurable tools to collect relevant data. Quantitative research then results in precise measurements.
The Problem Statement in Quantitative Research
The problem statement should be concise and specific. According to Creswell (2009), “If the problem calls for (a) the identification of factors that influence and outcome, (b) the utility of an intervention, or (c) understanding the best of outcomes, then a quantitative approach is best. It is also the best approach to use to test a theory or explanation”. The problem statement in quantitative research will include the rationale for using the quantitative method. This statement implies the use of data collection and analysis.
The Purpose Statement in Quantitative Research
The purpose statement should be well aligned with the problem statement. Here, the intent of the study is clearly outlined. In quantitative research design the purpose statement should encompass deductive logic and outline the variables in the research. The purpose statement will define the population of the study and describe the data collection methods as well.
Research Questions and Data Collection in Quantitative Studies
Research questions must relate to the problem statement and outline the specific query that the researcher is seeking to answer. A hypothesis should be included in this research approach. The hypothesis will include the expected results of the tests conducted. Once the research questions are determined and the hypothesis is outlined, the data collection method must be specified.
The data collection techniques for a quantitative research approach will depend on relevant factors to the research. A researcher may elect to use a survey or a trend study among other things, as their data collection instrument. Practical factors will be relevant as well when considering the best data collection approach. These factors may include non response rates, expenses incurred and the length of time needed for data collection.
Since the data will be collected using formal instruments of measure, the analysis of the data is an objective look at the outcome in numerical terms. Results of the data collection will offer a precise measurement. These results are what can make quantitative research a preferred approach for many. Choosing this research design offers simplicity in data summarization and analysis and because data collection is in numerical terms, results can be easily quantified.
References
Atieno, O. (2009). An Analysis of the Strengths and Limitations of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Paradigms. Problems of Education in the 21st century. Vol. 13, p13-18, 6p. Retrieved September 13, 2009 from EBSCOHost database.
Creswell, J.W. (2009). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications, Inc. GoogleBooks Overview.
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